{"raw_record_id":"ae411398-81c1-4716-94e1-11da041dd469","external_id":"member:OJ:L_202601708:91","record_hash":"caba3566df6d821726f9aba4ad55f2ce76115483d484031c1412b65565a6eda0","raw_record":{"gender":"male","source":"EUR-Lex","aliases":["Михаил Михайлович ФОМИН"],"reasons":["Mikhail Fomin is the Executive Director of LLC Citadel.","LLC Citadel operates in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod and develops, implements and provides support for software and hardware of the so-called System of Operative Investigative Measures (SORM). LLC Citadel is the largest manufacturer and reportedly the most important supplier of SORM hardware and software in Russia. In his position as Executive Director, Mikhail Fomin is responsible for LLC Citadel’s activities relating to the manufacture and supply of SORM-related hardware and software.","SORM is a surveillance system used since the mid-1990s to control internet and mobile communications in Russia, namely the monitoring of phone calls, emails, internet use, text messages and social networks. Mobile phone and internet providers are legally required to install SORM. It is installed in all Russian data centres and at all internet exchange points and within major search engines. The user traffic is copied to a separate server or to a data centre available to the Federal Security Service (FSB).","SORM gathers information about users’ physical location, activity patterns, time of device use, users’ behaviour and the use of different SIM cards in one or more devices. It can be used retroactively and without the provider’s knowledge.","SORM has been used to target journalists, opposition figures, minority groups and ordinary citizens. It has also been used to prosecute supporters of the Russian opposition, leaders such as Alexei Navalny, organisers of protests, individuals who ran internet accounts critical of the Russian authorities or produced reports on the political situations and activists who opposed the war of aggression against Ukraine. SORM has also been used to pre-emptively detain individuals suspected of anti-government activities. SORM has had a profound impact on the ability of Russian citizens to access unbiased information about the war of aggression against Ukraine. It was also used to block traffic from, and access to, thousands of Western websites and services.","LLC Citadel is involved in the development, supply and maintenance of SORM, including hardware and software integrated into telecoms networks, therefore allowing intelligence agencies to directly access all traffic. SORM includes monitoring equipment installed in facilities of telecommunications providers. Such monitoring equipment provides information to the Russian government’s intelligence agency, including on phone calls, text messages, emails and internet traffic. SORM also facilitates access to communications data associated with messaging application, metadata, mobile numbers, phone identifiers, geolocation, names and email addresses and IP addresses.","LLC Citadel is a key supplier of SORM that complies with interception requirements mandated by the FSB and supports the operation of Russia’s communications surveillance infrastructure. LLC Citadel operates within a framework established and supervised by the Russian authorities. These authorities approve technical requirements for SORM deployment, require operators to coordinate implementation plans, oversee compliance and use the equipment for direct interception activities. Consequently, LLC Citadel develops and supplies equipment specifically designed to satisfy surveillance requirements established by the FSB.","Therefore, Mikhail Fomin provides material support for serious violations and abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition."],"legal_act":{"oj_id":"202601708","title":"COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2026/1708 of 13 July 2026 implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1485 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Russia","eli_url":"https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2026/1708/oj","celex_id":"32026R1708","annex_ref":"Annex IV","fetch_url":"https://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/0bf57705-7e9c-11f1-bf5e-01aa75ed71a1.0006.03/DOC_1","act_number":"2026/1708","base_celex":"32024R1485","regime_name":"Russia human rights","program_code":"EU-2024-1485","declared_rows":16,"expected_rows":16,"amendment_date":"2026-07-13","structural_rows":16},"birth_date":"1981-03-22","name_lines":["Mikhail Mikhailovich FOMIN","(Russian: Михаил Михайлович ФОМИН)"],"row_number":"91","birth_date_text":"22.3.1981","date_designated":"2026-07-13","identifying_information":["Position: Executive Director of LLC Citadel","DOB: 22.3.1981","Nationality: Russian","Gender: male"]},"snapshot_id":"cd0cc155-c145-4f42-abaf-8d0bb9dbf5c0","snapshot_sha256":"710f7ce7b7c7f01ddb5c011129fa5e76fe40fc7705d8dc01a000f763f19edb7e","fetched_at":"2026-09-04T10:38:54.240683+00:00","source_name":"EUR-Lex","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/","document_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ:L_202601708"}